A student collected a packet trace while running the following command:
dig -t AAAA www.example.com
This trace was collected with a resolver that does not store any record in its cache. Can you reorder the packets of this trace by looking at the succession of the types of DNS requests starting from the root ?
| # |
Length |
Summary |
Status |
| 0 |
29 bytes |
Domain Name System (query) |
|
| 1 |
33 bytes |
Domain Name System (query) |
|
| 2 |
240 bytes |
Domain Name System (response) |
|
| 3 |
506 bytes |
Domain Name System (response) |
|
| 4 |
34 bytes |
Domain Name System (query) |
|
| 5 |
61 bytes |
Domain Name System (response) |
|
| 6 |
21 bytes |
Domain Name System (query) |
|
| 7 |
497 bytes |
Domain Name System (response) |
|
| 8 |
77 bytes |
Domain Name System (response) |
|
| 9 |
21 bytes |
Domain Name System (query) |
|
0000 2486012000010000 0000000007657861
0010 6d706c6503636f6d 0000020001
0000 $.. .........exa
0010 mple.com.....
- Domain Name System (query)
- Transaction ID: 0x2486
- Flags: 0x0120 Standard query
- 0... .... .... .... = Response: Message is a query
- .000 0... .... .... = Opcode: Standard query (0)
- .... ..0. .... .... = Truncated: Message is not truncated
- .... ...1 .... .... = Recursion desired: Do query recursively
- .... .... .0.. .... = Z: reserved (0)
- .... .... ..1. .... = AD bit: Set
- .... .... ...0 .... = Non-authenticated data: Unacceptable
- Questions: 1
- Answer RRs: 0
- Authority RRs: 0
- Additional RRs: 0
- Queries
- example.com: type NS, class IN
- Name: example.com
- Name Length: 11
- Label Count: 2
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
0000 6940012000010000 0000000003777777
0010 076578616d706c65 03636f6d00001c00
0020 01
0000 i@. .........www
0010 .example.com....
0020 .
- Domain Name System (query)
- Transaction ID: 0x6940
- Flags: 0x0120 Standard query
- 0... .... .... .... = Response: Message is a query
- .000 0... .... .... = Opcode: Standard query (0)
- .... ..0. .... .... = Truncated: Message is not truncated
- .... ...1 .... .... = Recursion desired: Do query recursively
- .... .... .0.. .... = Z: reserved (0)
- .... .... ..1. .... = AD bit: Set
- .... .... ...0 .... = Non-authenticated data: Unacceptable
- Questions: 1
- Answer RRs: 0
- Authority RRs: 0
- Additional RRs: 0
- Queries
- www.example.com: type AAAA, class IN
- Name: www.example.com
- Name Length: 15
- Label Count: 3
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
0000 f3de810000010000 000400060c69616e
0010 612d736572766572 73036e6574000002
0020 0001c00c00020001 0002a300000e026e
0030 73056963616e6e03 6f726700c00c0002
0040 00010002a3000004 0161c00cc00c0002
0050 00010002a3000004 0162c00cc00c0002
0060 00010002a3000004 0163c00cc0480001
0070 00010002a3000004 c72b8735c048001c
0080 00010002a3000010 20010500008f0000
0090 0000000000000053 c058000100010002
00A0 a3000004c72b8535 c058001c00010002
00B0 a300001020010500 008d000000000000
00C0 00000053c0680001 00010002a3000004
00D0 c72b8635c068001c 00010002a3000010
00E0 20010500008e0000 0000000000000053
0000 óÞ...........ian
0010 a-servers.net...
0020 ..À.......£....n
0030 s.icann.org.À...
0040 ....£....aÀ.À...
0050 ....£....bÀ.À...
0060 ....£....cÀ.ÀH..
0070 ....£...Ç+.5ÀH..
0080 ....£... .......
0090 .......SÀX......
00A0 £...Ç+.5ÀX......
00B0 £... ...........
00C0 ...SÀh......£...
00D0 Ç+.5Àh......£...
00E0 ..............S
- Domain Name System (response)
- Transaction ID: 0xf3de
- Flags: 0x8100 Standard query response, No error
- 1... .... .... .... = Response: Message is a response
- .000 0... .... .... = Opcode: Standard query (0)
- .... .0.. .... .... = Authoritative: Server is not an authority for domain
- .... ..0. .... .... = Truncated: Message is not truncated
- .... ...1 .... .... = Recursion desired: Do query recursively
- .... .... 0... .... = Recursion available: Server can't do recursive queries
- .... .... .0.. .... = Z: reserved (0)
- .... .... ..0. .... = Answer authenticated: Answer/authority portion was not authenticated by the server
- .... .... ...0 .... = Non-authenticated data: Unacceptable
- .... .... .... 0000 = Reply code: No error (0)
- Questions: 1
- Answer RRs: 0
- Authority RRs: 4
- Additional RRs: 6
- Queries
- iana-servers.net: type NS, class IN
- Name: iana-servers.net
- Name Length: 16
- Label Count: 2
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Authoritative nameservers
- iana-servers.net: type NS, class IN, ns ns.icann.org
- Name: iana-servers.net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 14
- Name Server: ns.icann.org
- iana-servers.net: type NS, class IN, ns a.iana-servers.net
- Name: iana-servers.net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: a.iana-servers.net
- iana-servers.net: type NS, class IN, ns b.iana-servers.net
- Name: iana-servers.net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: b.iana-servers.net
- iana-servers.net: type NS, class IN, ns c.iana-servers.net
- Name: iana-servers.net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: c.iana-servers.net
- Additional records
- a.iana-servers.net: type A, class IN, addr 199.43.135.53
- Name: a.iana-servers.net
- Type: A (Host Address) (1)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Address: 199.43.135.53
- a.iana-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:500:8f::53
- Name: a.iana-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:500:8f::53
- b.iana-servers.net: type A, class IN, addr 199.43.133.53
- Name: b.iana-servers.net
- Type: A (Host Address) (1)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Address: 199.43.133.53
- b.iana-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:500:8d::53
- Name: b.iana-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:500:8d::53
- c.iana-servers.net: type A, class IN, addr 199.43.134.53
- Name: c.iana-servers.net
- Type: A (Host Address) (1)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Address: 199.43.134.53
- c.iana-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:500:8e::53
- Name: c.iana-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:500:8e::53
0000 bb4e830000010000 000d000c036e6574
0010 0000020001c00c00 0200010002a30000
0020 1101610c67746c64 2d73657276657273
0030 c00cc00c00020001 0002a30000040162
0040 c023c00c00020001 0002a30000040163
0050 c023c00c00020001 0002a30000040164
0060 c023c00c00020001 0002a30000040165
0070 c023c00c00020001 0002a30000040166
0080 c023c00c00020001 0002a30000040167
0090 c023c00c00020001 0002a30000040168
00A0 c023c00c00020001 0002a30000040169
00B0 c023c00c00020001 0002a3000004016a
00C0 c023c00c00020001 0002a3000004016b
00D0 c023c00c00020001 0002a3000004016c
00E0 c023c00c00020001 0002a3000004016d
00F0 c023c02100010001 0002a3000004c005
0100 061ec021001c0001 0002a30000102001
0110 0503a83e00000000 000000020030c03e
0120 000100010002a300 0004c0210e1ec03e
0130 001c00010002a300 001020010503231d
0140 0000000000000002 0030c04e00010001
0150 0002a3000004c01a 5c1ec04e001c0001
0160 0002a30000102001 050383eb00000000
0170 000000000030c05e 000100010002a300
0180 0004c01f501ec05e 001c00010002a300
0190 001020010500856e 0000000000000000
01A0 0030c06e00010001 0002a3000004c00c
01B0 5e1ec06e001c0001 0002a30000102001
01C0 05021ca100000000 000000000030c07e
01D0 000100010002a300 0004c023331ec07e
01E0 001c00010002a300 001020010503d414
01F0 0000000000000000 0030
0000 »N...........net
0010 .....À.......£..
0020 ..a.gtld-servers
0030 À.À.......£....b
0040 À#À.......£....c
0050 À#À.......£....d
0060 À#À.......£....e
0070 À#À.......£....f
0080 À#À.......£....g
0090 À#À.......£....h
00A0 À#À.......£....i
00B0 À#À.......£....j
00C0 À#À.......£....k
00D0 À#À.......£....l
00E0 À#À.......£....m
00F0 À#À!......£...À.
0100 ..À!......£... .
0110 ..¨>.........0À>
0120 ......£...À!..À>
0130 ......£... ...#.
0140 .........0ÀN....
0150 ..£...À.\.ÀN....
0160 ..£... ....ë....
0170 .....0À^......£.
0180 ..À.P.À^......£.
0190 .. ....n........
01A0 .0Àn......£...À.
01B0 ^.Àn......£... .
01C0 ...¡.........0À~
01D0 ......£...À#3.À~
01E0 ......£... ...Ô.
01F0 .........0
- Domain Name System (response)
- Transaction ID: 0xbb4e
- Flags: 0x8300 Standard query response, No error
- 1... .... .... .... = Response: Message is a response
- .000 0... .... .... = Opcode: Standard query (0)
- .... .0.. .... .... = Authoritative: Server is not an authority for domain
- .... ..1. .... .... = Truncated: Message is truncated
- .... ...1 .... .... = Recursion desired: Do query recursively
- .... .... 0... .... = Recursion available: Server can't do recursive queries
- .... .... .0.. .... = Z: reserved (0)
- .... .... ..0. .... = Answer authenticated: Answer/authority portion was not authenticated by the server
- .... .... ...0 .... = Non-authenticated data: Unacceptable
- .... .... .... 0000 = Reply code: No error (0)
- Questions: 1
- Answer RRs: 0
- Authority RRs: 13
- Additional RRs: 12
- Queries
- net: type NS, class IN
- Name: net
- Name Length: 3
- Label Count: 1
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Authoritative nameservers
- net: type NS, class IN, ns a.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 17
- Name Server: a.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns b.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: b.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns c.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: c.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns d.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: d.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns e.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: e.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns f.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: f.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns g.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: g.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns h.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: h.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns i.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: i.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns j.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: j.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns k.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: k.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns l.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: l.gtld-servers.net
- net: type NS, class IN, ns m.gtld-servers.net
- Name: net
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: m.gtld-servers.net
- Additional records
- a.gtld-servers.net: type A, class IN, addr 192.5.6.30
- Name: a.gtld-servers.net
- Type: A (Host Address) (1)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Address: 192.5.6.30
- a.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:503:a83e::2:30
- Name: a.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:503:a83e::2:30
- b.gtld-servers.net: type A, class IN, addr 192.33.14.30
- Name: b.gtld-servers.net
- Type: A (Host Address) (1)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Address: 192.33.14.30
- b.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:503:231d::2:30
- Name: b.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:503:231d::2:30
- c.gtld-servers.net: type A, class IN, addr 192.26.92.30
- Name: c.gtld-servers.net
- Type: A (Host Address) (1)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Address: 192.26.92.30
- c.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:503:83eb::30
- Name: c.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:503:83eb::30
- d.gtld-servers.net: type A, class IN, addr 192.31.80.30
- Name: d.gtld-servers.net
- Type: A (Host Address) (1)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Address: 192.31.80.30
- d.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:500:856e::30
- Name: d.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:500:856e::30
- e.gtld-servers.net: type A, class IN, addr 192.12.94.30
- Name: e.gtld-servers.net
- Type: A (Host Address) (1)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Address: 192.12.94.30
- e.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:502:1ca1::30
- Name: e.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:502:1ca1::30
- f.gtld-servers.net: type A, class IN, addr 192.35.51.30
- Name: f.gtld-servers.net
- Type: A (Host Address) (1)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Address: 192.35.51.30
- f.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:503:d414::30
- Name: f.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:503:d414::30
0000 f3de012000010000 000000000c69616e
0010 612d736572766572 73036e6574000002
0020 0001
0000 óÞ. .........ian
0010 a-servers.net...
0020 ..
- Domain Name System (query)
- Transaction ID: 0xf3de
- Flags: 0x0120 Standard query
- 0... .... .... .... = Response: Message is a query
- .000 0... .... .... = Opcode: Standard query (0)
- .... ..0. .... .... = Truncated: Message is not truncated
- .... ...1 .... .... = Recursion desired: Do query recursively
- .... .... .0.. .... = Z: reserved (0)
- .... .... ..1. .... = AD bit: Set
- .... .... ...0 .... = Non-authenticated data: Unacceptable
- Questions: 1
- Answer RRs: 0
- Authority RRs: 0
- Additional RRs: 0
- Queries
- iana-servers.net: type NS, class IN
- Name: iana-servers.net
- Name Length: 16
- Label Count: 2
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
0000 6940850000010001 0000000003777777
0010 076578616d706c65 03636f6d00001c00
0020 01c00c001c000100 0151800010260628
0030 0002200001024818 9325c81946
0000 i@...........www
0010 .example.com....
0020 .À.......Q...&.(
0030 .. ...H..%È.F
- Domain Name System (response)
- Transaction ID: 0x6940
- Flags: 0x8500 Standard query response, No error
- 1... .... .... .... = Response: Message is a response
- .000 0... .... .... = Opcode: Standard query (0)
- .... .1.. .... .... = Authoritative: Server is an authority for domain
- .... ..0. .... .... = Truncated: Message is not truncated
- .... ...1 .... .... = Recursion desired: Do query recursively
- .... .... 0... .... = Recursion available: Server can't do recursive queries
- .... .... .0.. .... = Z: reserved (0)
- .... .... ..0. .... = Answer authenticated: Answer/authority portion was not authenticated by the server
- .... .... ...0 .... = Non-authenticated data: Unacceptable
- .... .... .... 0000 = Reply code: No error (0)
- Questions: 1
- Answer RRs: 1
- Authority RRs: 0
- Additional RRs: 0
- Queries
- www.example.com: type AAAA, class IN
- Name: www.example.com
- Name Length: 15
- Label Count: 3
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Answers
- www.example.com: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946
- Name: www.example.com
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 86400
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946
0000 4ec9012000010000 0000000003636f6d
0010 0000020001
0000 NÉ. .........com
0010 .....
- Domain Name System (query)
- Transaction ID: 0x4ec9
- Flags: 0x0120 Standard query
- 0... .... .... .... = Response: Message is a query
- .000 0... .... .... = Opcode: Standard query (0)
- .... ..0. .... .... = Truncated: Message is not truncated
- .... ...1 .... .... = Recursion desired: Do query recursively
- .... .... .0.. .... = Z: reserved (0)
- .... .... ..1. .... = AD bit: Set
- .... .... ...0 .... = Non-authenticated data: Unacceptable
- Questions: 1
- Answer RRs: 0
- Authority RRs: 0
- Additional RRs: 0
- Queries
- com: type NS, class IN
- Name: com
- Name Length: 3
- Label Count: 1
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
0000 4ec9810000010000 000d000903636f6d
0010 0000020001c00c00 0200010002a30000
0020 1401630c67746c64 2d73657276657273
0030 036e657400c00c00 0200010002a30000
0040 040161c023c00c00 0200010002a30000
0050 040164c023c00c00 0200010002a30000
0060 040165c023c00c00 0200010002a30000
0070 040169c023c00c00 0200010002a30000
0080 04016bc023c00c00 0200010002a30000
0090 040167c023c00c00 0200010002a30000
00A0 040162c023c00c00 0200010002a30000
00B0 04016ac023c00c00 0200010002a30000
00C0 040166c023c00c00 0200010002a30000
00D0 04016cc023c00c00 0200010002a30000
00E0 04016dc023c00c00 0200010002a30000
00F0 040168c023c0e100 1c00010002a30000
0100 1020010501b1f900 0000000000000000
0110 30c0d1001c000100 02a3000010200105
0120 00d9370000000000 0000000030c08100
0130 1c00010002a30000 10200105030d2d00
0140 0000000000000000 30c0b1001c000100
0150 02a3000010200105 0270940000000000
0160 0000000030c07100 1c00010002a30000
0170 102001050339c100 0000000000000000
0180 30c0f1001c000100 02a3000010200105
0190 0208cc0000000000 0000000030c09100
01A0 1c00010002a30000 1020010503eea300
01B0 0000000000000000 30c0c1001c000100
01C0 02a3000010200105 03d4140000000000
01D0 0000000030c06100 1c00010002a30000
01E0 10200105021ca100 0000000000000000
01F0 30
0000 NÉ...........com
0010 .....À.......£..
0020 ..c.gtld-servers
0030 .net.À.......£..
0040 ..aÀ#À.......£..
0050 ..dÀ#À.......£..
0060 ..eÀ#À.......£..
0070 ..iÀ#À.......£..
0080 ..kÀ#À.......£..
0090 ..gÀ#À.......£..
00A0 ..bÀ#À.......£..
00B0 ..jÀ#À.......£..
00C0 ..fÀ#À.......£..
00D0 ..lÀ#À.......£..
00E0 ..mÀ#À.......£..
00F0 ..hÀ#Àá......£..
0100 . ...±ù.........
0110 0ÀÑ......£... ..
0120 .Ù7.........0À..
0130 .....£... ....-.
0140 ........0˱.....
0150 .£... ...p......
0160 ....0Àq......£..
0170 . ...9Á.........
0180 0Àñ......£... ..
0190 ..Ì.........0À..
01A0 .....£... ...î£.
01B0 ........0ÀÁ.....
01C0 .£... ...Ô......
01D0 ....0Àa......£..
01E0 . ....¡.........
01F0 0
- Domain Name System (response)
- Transaction ID: 0x4ec9
- Flags: 0x8100 Standard query response, No error
- 1... .... .... .... = Response: Message is a response
- .000 0... .... .... = Opcode: Standard query (0)
- .... .0.. .... .... = Authoritative: Server is not an authority for domain
- .... ..0. .... .... = Truncated: Message is not truncated
- .... ...1 .... .... = Recursion desired: Do query recursively
- .... .... 0... .... = Recursion available: Server can't do recursive queries
- .... .... .0.. .... = Z: reserved (0)
- .... .... ..0. .... = Answer authenticated: Answer/authority portion was not authenticated by the server
- .... .... ...0 .... = Non-authenticated data: Unacceptable
- .... .... .... 0000 = Reply code: No error (0)
- Questions: 1
- Answer RRs: 0
- Authority RRs: 13
- Additional RRs: 9
- Queries
- com: type NS, class IN
- Name: com
- Name Length: 3
- Label Count: 1
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Authoritative nameservers
- com: type NS, class IN, ns c.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 20
- Name Server: c.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns a.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: a.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns d.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: d.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns e.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: e.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns i.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: i.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns k.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: k.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns g.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: g.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns b.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: b.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns j.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: j.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns f.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: f.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns l.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: l.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns m.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: m.gtld-servers.net
- com: type NS, class IN, ns h.gtld-servers.net
- Name: com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: h.gtld-servers.net
- Additional records
- m.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:501:b1f9::30
- Name: m.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:501:b1f9::30
- l.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:500:d937::30
- Name: l.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:500:d937::30
- k.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:503:d2d::30
- Name: k.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:503:d2d::30
- j.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:502:7094::30
- Name: j.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:502:7094::30
- i.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:503:39c1::30
- Name: i.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:503:39c1::30
- h.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:502:8cc::30
- Name: h.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:502:8cc::30
- g.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:503:eea3::30
- Name: g.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:503:eea3::30
- f.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:503:d414::30
- Name: f.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:503:d414::30
- e.gtld-servers.net: type AAAA, class IN, addr 2001:502:1ca1::30
- Name: e.gtld-servers.net
- Type: AAAA (IPv6 Address) (28)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 16
- AAAA Address: 2001:502:1ca1::30
0000 2486810000010000 0002000007657861
0010 6d706c6503636f6d 0000020001c00c00
0020 0200010002a30000 1401610c69616e61
0030 2d73657276657273 036e657400c00c00
0040 0200010002a30000 040162c02b
0000 $............exa
0010 mple.com.....À..
0020 .....£....a.iana
0030 -servers.net.À..
0040 .....£....bÀ+
- Domain Name System (response)
- Transaction ID: 0x2486
- Flags: 0x8100 Standard query response, No error
- 1... .... .... .... = Response: Message is a response
- .000 0... .... .... = Opcode: Standard query (0)
- .... .0.. .... .... = Authoritative: Server is not an authority for domain
- .... ..0. .... .... = Truncated: Message is not truncated
- .... ...1 .... .... = Recursion desired: Do query recursively
- .... .... 0... .... = Recursion available: Server can't do recursive queries
- .... .... .0.. .... = Z: reserved (0)
- .... .... ..0. .... = Answer authenticated: Answer/authority portion was not authenticated by the server
- .... .... ...0 .... = Non-authenticated data: Unacceptable
- .... .... .... 0000 = Reply code: No error (0)
- Questions: 1
- Answer RRs: 0
- Authority RRs: 2
- Additional RRs: 0
- Queries
- example.com: type NS, class IN
- Name: example.com
- Name Length: 11
- Label Count: 2
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Authoritative nameservers
- example.com: type NS, class IN, ns a.iana-servers.net
- Name: example.com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 20
- Name Server: a.iana-servers.net
- example.com: type NS, class IN, ns b.iana-servers.net
- Name: example.com
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
- Time to live: 172800
- Data length: 4
- Name Server: b.iana-servers.net
0000 bb4e012000010000 00000000036e6574
0010 0000020001
0000 »N. .........net
0010 .....
- Domain Name System (query)
- Transaction ID: 0xbb4e
- Flags: 0x0120 Standard query
- 0... .... .... .... = Response: Message is a query
- .000 0... .... .... = Opcode: Standard query (0)
- .... ..0. .... .... = Truncated: Message is not truncated
- .... ...1 .... .... = Recursion desired: Do query recursively
- .... .... .0.. .... = Z: reserved (0)
- .... .... ..1. .... = AD bit: Set
- .... .... ...0 .... = Non-authenticated data: Unacceptable
- Questions: 1
- Answer RRs: 0
- Authority RRs: 0
- Additional RRs: 0
- Queries
- net: type NS, class IN
- Name: net
- Name Length: 3
- Label Count: 1
- Type: NS (authoritative Name Server) (2)
- Class: IN (0x0001)
INGInious